CNC (Computer Numerical Control)
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) is the automation system that controls machine tools (mills, lathes, routers, plasma cutters, etc.) using programmed instructions, typically in G-code. A CNC machine reads G-code line by line and moves its spindle, table, and tool changers in precise sequences to cut, drill, tap, or shape material into the desired form. CNC is the hardware executor; G-code is the language that programs it; CAM is the software that generates that G-code from a CAD design.
Why it matters
CNC machines are the bridge between the digital design (CAD) and the physical part. Without CNC, you'd be hand-moving machines and relying on a skilled operator's judgment for every cut. With CNC, the same program can run on the same machine 10,000 times and produce the same part to the same tolerance every time. CNC is where precision manufacturing became possible at scale.
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Cite this definition
Finocchiaro, Michael. “CNC (Computer Numerical Control).” DemystifyingPLM PLM Glossary, 2026, https://www.demystifyingplm.com/glossary/cnc-computer-numerical-control